实现一个python选课系统实例

　　下面介绍一下自己写的python程序，主要是的知识点为sys、os、json、pickle的模块应用，python程序包的的使用，以及关于类的使用。

　　下面是我的程序目录：

bin是存放一些执行文件course.py下面是这个文件的内容：

import sys,os#程序主目录BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))print(BASE_DIR)#添加环境变量sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)from core import mainif __name__ == '__main__':    a =main.Run()    a.interactive()

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这个文件是对os,sys模块的应用；

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BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

　　这里的os.path.abspath(__file__)是查看当前文件的所在位置。例如：

　　D:\python项目\选课系统\course_system\bin\course.py

　　这里的os.path.abspath是上一级目录例如：print（BASE_DIR）

　　D:\python项目\选课系统\course_system

sys.path.append(BASE_DIR) 括号里面是模块引用的地址，我们可以理解把这个模块得知设置成环境变量。from core import main  导入core包中的main文件这里是core包中udi.py文件

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import hashlibimport timedef create_md():    m = hashlib.md5()    m.update(bytes(str(time.time()),encoding="utf-8"))    return m.hexdigest()

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在python中hashlib提供了常见的摘要算法，如MD5，SHA1等等。它通过一个函数，把任意长度的数据转换为一个长度固定的数据串（通常用16进制的字符串表示）。为了给学生生成一个随机不重复的uid。

这里是core包中main.py文件内容

import sys,os       　　import json　　　　　　#这里说一下json这个模块，java之中也有应用，所以一些数据也可以给java去用。import pickle　　　　　from bin import coursefrom core import uid#数据库文件路径db_DIR = course.BASE_DIR + r"\db"db_school = db_DIR + r"\school"db_teacher = db_DIR + r"\teacher"db_student = db_DIR + r"\student"db_classes = db_DIR + r"\classes"db_course = db_DIR + r"\course"db_admin = db_DIR + r"\admin"db_class_record = db_DIR + r"\class_record"db_class_grade = db_DIR + r"\class_grade"#基础类，主要包括文件的读写操作class Baseclass(object):  #在python3中全部是新式类，但是建议还是这样写。在python2中存在经典类和新式类；例如：class Baseclass: 这种在python中是经典类，而class Baseclass(object):这样是新式类。有关它们的区别，我会在下一篇博客中具体说明。    def __init__(self):        pass    def save(self,type,dict):        filename = uid.create_md()        dict['uid'] = filename        file_path = "%s\%s" %(db_DIR,type)        ab_file = "%s\%s" %(file_path,filename)        if os.path.isdir(file_path):            with open(ab_file,"wb") as f:                f.write(pickle.dumps(dict))                if True:                    print(                    "-------",type,"创建成功","-------")                    for key in dict:                        print(key,":\t",dict[key])    def seek_list(self,type,list):        filename = uid.create_md()        file_path = "%s\%s" %(db_DIR,type)        ab_file = "%s\%s" %(file_path,filename)        if os.path.isdir(file_path):            with open(ab_file,"wb") as f:                f.write(pickle.dumps(list))                if True:                    print(                    "-------",type,"创建成功","-------")                    for i in list:                        for key in i:                            print(key,i[key])                        print("\n")        return True    def open(self,type):        all_data = []        db_path = "%s\%s" %(db_DIR,type)        for i in os.listdir(db_path):            if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(db_path,i)):                db_file = os.path.join(db_path,i)                with open(db_file,"rb") as f:                    file_dict = pickle.load(f)                    all_data.append(file_dict)        return all_data#admin类class Admin(Baseclass):    def __init__(self):        Baseclass.__init__(self)    def create_school(self):        school_dict = {}        school_name = input("校名：")        school_address = input("地址：")        s1 = School(school_name, school_address)        school_dict["校名"] = s1.school_name        school_dict["地址"] = s1.school_address        Baseclass.save(self, "school", school_dict)    def create_teacher(self):        teacher_dict = {}        teacher_name = input("讲师姓名：")        teacher_salary = input("讲师工资：")        teacher_school = input("所属学校：")        t1 = Teacher(teacher_name, teacher_salary, teacher_school)        teacher_dict["姓名"] = t1.teacher_name        teacher_dict["工资"] = t1.teacher_salary        teacher_dict["所属学校"] = t1.teacher_school        print(teacher_dict)        Baseclass.save(self, "teacher", teacher_dict)    def create_student(self):        student_dict = {}        student_name = input("学员姓名：")        student_sex = input("学员性别：")        student_school = input("所属学校：")        student_classes = input("学员班级：")        st1 = Student(student_name, student_sex, student_school, student_classes)        student_dict["姓名"] = st1.student_name        student_dict["性别"] = st1.student_sex        student_dict["学校"] = st1.student_school        student_dict["班级"] = st1.student_classes        Baseclass.save(self, "student", student_dict)    def create_course(self):        course_dict = {}        course_name = input("课程名：")        course_period = input("周期：")        course_prices = input("价格：")        c1 = Course(course_name, course_period, course_prices)        course_dict["课程名"] = c1.course_name        course_dict["周期"] = c1.course_period        course_dict["价格"] = course_prices        Baseclass.save(self, "course", course_dict)    def create_classes(self):        classes_dict = {}        classes_name = input("班级名：")        classes_teachter = input("负责讲师：")        classes_course = input("所学课程：")        cs1 = Classes(classes_name, classes_teachter, classes_course)        classes_dict["班级名"] = cs1.classes_name        classes_dict["负责讲师"] = cs1.classes_teacher        classes_dict["课程"] = cs1.classes_course        Baseclass.save(self, "classes", classes_dict)#School类class School(Baseclass):    def __init__(self,school_name,school_address):        Baseclass.__init__(self)        self.school_name = school_name        self.school_address = school_address#teacher类class Teacher(Baseclass):    def __init__(self,teacher_name,teacher_salary,teacher_school):        Baseclass.__init__(self)        self.teacher_name = teacher_name        self.teacher_salary = teacher_salary        self.teacher_school = teacher_school    def create_class_record(self):        class_record = []        student_school = input("选择学校：")        student_classes = input("选择班级：")        student_times = input("课次：")        student_list = Baseclass.open(self,"student")        for i in student_list:            if i["学校"] == student_school and i["班级"] == student_classes:                student_name = i["姓名"]                student_status = input("%s 上课情况：" % student_name)                i["上课情况"] = student_status                i["课次"] = student_times                class_record.append(i)        Baseclass.seek_list(self,"class_record",class_record)    def create_class_grade(self):        class_grade = []        student_school = input("选择学校：")        student_classes = input("选择班级：")        student_times = input("课次：")        student_list = Baseclass.open(self,"student")        for i in student_list:            if i["学校"] == student_school and i["班级"] == student_classes:                student_name = i["姓名"]                student_grade = input("%s 成绩：" % student_name)                i["成绩"] = student_grade                i["课次"] = student_times                class_grade.append(i)        Baseclass.seek_list(self,"class_grade",class_grade)    def teacher_view_grade(self):        grade_list = []        student_school = input("校名：")        student_class = input("班级：")        student_times = input("课次：")        class_grade_list = Baseclass.open(self, "class_grade")        for i in class_grade_list:            for j in i:                if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times:                    grade_list.append(j)        for i in grade_list:            for key in i:                print(key,i[key])            print("\n")    def tacher_view_record(self):        record_list = []        student_school = input("校名：")        student_class = input("班级：")        student_times = input("课次：")        class_record_list = Baseclass.open(self, "class_record")        for i in class_record_list:            for j in i:                if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times:                    record_list.append(j)        for i in record_list:            for key in i:                print(key,i[key])            print("\n")#classes类class Course(Baseclass):    def __init__(self,course_name,course_period,course_prices):        Baseclass.__init__(self)        self.course_name = course_name        self.course_period = course_period        self.course_prices = course_prices#student类class Student(Baseclass):    def __init__(self,student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_classes):        Baseclass.__init__(self)        self.student_name = student_name        self.student_sex = student_sex        self.student_school = student_school        self.student_classes = student_classes    def student_registered(self):        student_dict = {}        print("欢迎进入学生注册系统")        student_name = input("注册姓名：")        student_sex = input("性别：")        student_school = input("学校：")        student_class = input("班级：")        st1 = Student(student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_class)        student_dict["姓名"] = st1.student_name        student_dict["性别"] = st1.student_sex        student_dict["学校"] = st1.student_school        student_dict["班级"] = st1.student_classes        Baseclass.save(self, "student", student_dict)    def student_pay_fees(self):        pass    def student_view_grade(self):        student_school = input("校名：")        student_class = input("班级：")        student_times = input("课次：")        student_name = input("姓名：")        class_grade_list = Baseclass.open(self,"class_grade")        for i in class_grade_list:            for j in i:                if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times \                    and j["姓名"] == student_name:                    for key in j:                        print(key,j[key])                    print("\n")    def student_view_record(self):        student_school = input("校名：")        student_class = input("班级：")        student_times = input("课次：")        student_name = input("姓名：")        class_record_list = Baseclass.open(self,"class_record")        for i in class_record_list:            for j in i:                if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times \                    and j["姓名"] == student_name:                    for key in j:                        print(key,j[key])                    print("\n")#课程类class Classes(Baseclass):    def __init__(self,classes_name,classes_teachter,classes_course):        Baseclass.__init__(self)        self.classes_name = classes_name        self.classes_teacher = classes_teachter        self.classes_course = classes_course#管理员视图，继承Admin类class Admin_view(Admin):    def __init__(self):        Admin.__init__(self)    def auth(self,username,password):        admin_file = "%s/%s.json" %(db_admin,username)        if os.path.isfile(admin_file):            with open(admin_file, 'r') as f:                admin_data = json.load(f)            if admin_data["name"] == username and admin_data["password"] == password:                return True            else:                print("用户名或密码错误")    def login(self):        menu = u'''        ------- 欢迎进入管理视图 ---------            \033[32;1m 1.  校区管理            2.  讲师管理            3.  学员管理            4.  课程管理            5.  返回            \033[0m'''        menu_dic = {            '1': Admin_view.school_manager,            '2': Admin_view.teacher_manager,            '3': Admin_view.student_manager,            '4': Admin_view.course_manager,            '5': "logout",        }        username = input("输入用户名:").strip()        password = input("输入密码:").strip()        auth = Admin_view.auth(self,username,password)        if auth:            exit_flag = False            while not exit_flag:                print(menu)                option = input("请选择：").strip()                if option in menu_dic:                    if int(option) == 5:                        exit_flag = True                    else:                        print(menu_dic[option])                        menu_dic[option](self)                else:                    print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")    def school_manager(self):        exit_flag = False        while not exit_flag:            print("""                ------- 欢迎进入校区管理 ---------                \033[32;1m1.  创建校区                2.  创建班级                3.  返回                \033[0m            """)            option = input("请选择：").strip()            if int(option) == 1:                Admin.create_school(self)            elif int(option) == 2:                Admin.create_classes(self)            else:                exit_flag = True    def teacher_manager(self):        exit_flag = False        while not exit_flag:            print("""                ------- 欢迎进入讲师管理 ---------                \033[32;1m 1.  创建讲师                2.  ...                3.  返回                \033[0m            """)            option = input("请选择：").strip()            if int(option) == 1:                Admin.create_teacher(self)            elif int(option) == 2:                print("扩展中")            else:                exit_flag = True    def student_manager(self):        exit_flag = False        while not exit_flag:            print("""                ------- 欢迎进入学员管理 ---------                \033[32;1m 1.  创建学员                2.  ...                3.  返回                \033[0m            """)            option = input("请选择：").strip()            if int(option) == 1:                Admin.create_student(self)            elif int(option) == 2:                print("扩展中")            else:                exit_flag = True    def course_manager(self):        exit_flag = False        while not exit_flag:            print("""                ------- 欢迎进入课程管理 ---------                \033[32;1m 1.  创建课程                2.  ...                3.  返回                \033[0m            """)            option = input("请选择：").strip()            if int(option) == 1:                Admin.create_course(self)            elif int(option) == 2:                print("扩展中")            else:                exit_flag = True#讲师视图类，继承Teacher类class Teacher_view(Teacher,):    def __init__(self,teacher_name,teacher_salary,teacher_school):        Teacher.__init__(self,teacher_name,teacher_salary,teacher_school)    def login(self):        menu = u'''        ------- 欢迎进入讲师视图 ---------            \033[32;1m  1.  创建上课记录            2.  创建学员成绩            3.  查看学员上课记录            4.  查看学员成绩            5.  返回            \033[0m'''        menu_dic = {            '1': Teacher.create_class_record,            '2': Teacher.create_class_grade,            '3': Teacher.tacher_view_record,            '4': Teacher.teacher_view_grade,            '5': "logout",        }        if True:            exit_flag = False            while not exit_flag:                print(menu)                option = input("请选择：").strip()                if option in menu_dic:                    if int(option) == 5:                        exit_flag = True                    else:                        print(menu_dic[option])                        menu_dic[option](self)                else:                    print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")#学员视图类，继承Student类class Student_view(Student):    def __init__(self,student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_classes):        Student.__init__(self,student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_classes)    def login(self):        menu = u'''        ------- 欢迎进入学生管理视图 ---------        \033[32;1m 1.  注册        2.  交学费        3.  查看上课记录        4.  查看作业成绩        5.  返回        \033[0m'''        menu_dic = {            '1': Student.student_registered,            '2': Student.student_pay_fees,            '3': Student.student_view_record,            '4': Student.student_view_grade,            '5': "logout",        }        if True:            exit_flag = False            while not exit_flag:                print(menu)                option = input("请选择：").strip()                if option in menu_dic:                    if int(option) == 5:                        exit_flag = True                    else:                        menu_dic[option](self)                else:                    print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")#程序交互类class Run(object):    def __init__(self):        pass    def interactive(self):        menu = u'''        ------- 欢迎进入选课系统 ---------        \033[32;1m 1.  学生视图        2.  讲师视图        3.  管理视图        4.  退出        \033[0m'''        menu_dic = {            '1': Student_view,            '2': Teacher_view,            '3': Admin_view,            # '4': logout,        }        exit_flag = False        while not exit_flag:            print(menu)            option_view = input("请选择视图：").strip()            if option_view in menu_dic:                if int(option_view) == 4:                    exit_flag = True                else:                    menu_dic[option_view].login(self)            else:                print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")

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