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本篇文章给大家带来了关于图片马赛克的相关知识，其中主要介绍了前端线上图片是怎么生成马赛克的？怎么给图片加上马赛克的，感兴趣的朋友，下面一起来看一下吧，希望对大家有帮助。
前言
说起图片的马赛克，可能一般都是由后端实现然后传递图片到前端，但是前端也是可以通过canvas来为图片加上马赛克的，下面就通过码上掘金来进行一个简单的实现。
实现
实现过程
思路
最开始需要实现马赛克功能是需要通过canvas提供的一个获取到图片每一个像素的方法，我们都知道，图片本质上只是由像素组成的，越清晰的图片，就有着越高的像素，而像素的本质，就只是一个个拥有颜色的小方块而已，只要把一张图片放大多倍，就能够清楚的发现。
canvas实现
通过 canvas 的 getImageData 这个方法，我们就能够拿到图像上所有像素组成的数组，并且需要生成马赛克，意味着我们需要把一个范围内的色块的颜色都改成一样的，也就是通过canvas来重绘图片，
let pixeArr = ctx.getImageData(0, 0, w, h).data;let sampleSize = 40;for (let i = 0; i通过双重循环来循环图片所有的色块，其中的跨度就是我们设定好的色块大小，色块调整的越大，马赛克后图片更模糊，越小，图片的模糊度就会降低。在通过 fillStyle 选取颜色，以及 fillRect 重绘 canvas 实现了将整个 canvas 的色块都进行改变，最后在导出重绘后的图片，无论是改变原来的图片地址，或者是新加一张图片作为对比，就都是可行的了。
canvas 跨域问题
在使用 getImageData 获取图片的时候，如果使用的是线上图片，浏览器会爆出跨域的错误：
而上文中出现问题的图片是存放在本地的或者线上的，本地的图片默认是没有域名的，线上的图片并且是跨域的，所以浏览器都认为你是跨域，导致报错。
那么对于本地图片，我们只需要将图片放到和html对应的文件夹下，子文件夹也是不可以的，就能够解决，对于线上的图片，我们可以采用先把它下载下来，再用方法来获取数据的这种方式来进行。
function getBase64(imgUrl) { return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) { window.URL = window.URL || window.webkitURL; let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open("get", imgUrl, true); xhr.responseType = "blob"; xhr.onload = function () { if (this.status == 200) { let blob = this.response; let oFileReader = new FileReader(); oFileReader.onloadend = function (e) { let base64 = e.target.result; resolve(base64); }; oFileReader.readAsDataURL(blob); } }; xhr.send(); });}登录后复制
下载图片就不说了，通过浏览器提供的 API 或者其他封装好的请求工具都是可以的，在请求成功之后，我们将图片转化为 base64 并且返回，这样就能够获取线上图片的数据了。
总结
本文提供了一种前端生成马赛克图片的方案，并且对于线上的图片，也能够通过先异步下载图片在进行转换的策略，实现了图片添加马赛克的功能。
推荐学习：《web前端开发视频教程》
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