SpringBoot怎么整合RabbitMQ处理死信队列和延迟队列

简介

rabbitmq消息简介

RabbitMQ的消息默认不会超时。 

什么是死信队列？什么是延迟队列？

死信队列：

DLX，全称为Dead-Letter-Exchange,可以称之为死信交换器，也有人称之为死信邮箱。当消息在一个队列中变成死信（dead message)之后，它能被重新被发送到另一个交换器中，这个交换器就是DLX，绑定DLX的队列就称之为死信队列。

以下几种情况会导致消息变成死信：

消息被拒绝（Basic.Reject/Basic.Nack)，并且设置requeue参数为false;

消息过期；

队列达到最大长度。

延迟队列：

延迟队列用来存放延迟消息。延迟消息：指当消息被发送以后，不想让消费者立刻拿到消息，而是等待特定时间后，消费者才能拿到这个消息进行消费。

相关网址

详解RabbitMQ中死信队列和延迟队列的使用详解

实例代码

路由配置

package com.example.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configurationpublic class RabbitRouterConfig {    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME   = "Exchange@topic.welcome";    public static final String EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE  = "Exchange@fanout.unroute";    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY     = "Exchange@topic.delay";     public static final String ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS        = "hello.#";    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_DELAY         = "delay.#";     public static final String QUEUE_HELLO              = "Queue@hello";    public static final String QUEUE_HI                 = "Queue@hi";    public static final String QUEUE_UNROUTE            = "Queue@unroute";    public static final String QUEUE_DELAY              = "Queue@delay";     public static final Integer TTL_QUEUE_MESSAGE       = 5000;     @Autowired    AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin;     @Bean    Object initBindingTest() {        amqpAdmin.declareExchange(ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE).durable(true).autoDelete().build());        amqpAdmin.declareExchange(ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY).durable(true).autoDelete().build());        amqpAdmin.declareExchange(ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME)                .durable(true)                .autoDelete()                .withArgument("alternate-exchange", EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE)                 .build());         amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_HI).build());        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_HELLO)                .withArgument("x-dead-letter-exchange", EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY)                .withArgument("x-dead-letter-routing-key", ROUTINGKEY_DELAY)                .withArgument("x-message-ttl", TTL_QUEUE_MESSAGE)                .build());        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_UNROUTE).build());        amqpAdmin.declareQueue(QueueBuilder.durable(QUEUE_DELAY).build());         amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,                EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, null));        amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_UNROUTE, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,                EXCHANGE_FANOUT_UNROUTE, "", null));        amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_DELAY, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE,                EXCHANGE_TOPIC_DELAY, ROUTINGKEY_DELAY, null));         return new Object();    }}

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控制器

package com.example.controller; import com.example.config.RabbitRouterConfig;import com.example.mq.Sender;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.time.LocalDateTime; @RestControllerpublic class HelloController {    @Autowired    private Sender sender;     @PostMapping("/hi")    public void hi() {        sender.send(RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_HI, "hi1 message:" + LocalDateTime.now());    }     @PostMapping("/hello1")    public void hello1() {        sender.send("hello.a", "hello1 message:" + LocalDateTime.now());    }     @PostMapping("/hello2")    public void hello2() {        sender.send(RabbitRouterConfig.EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, "hello.b", "hello2 message:" + LocalDateTime.now());    }     @PostMapping("/ae")    public void aeTest() {        sender.send(RabbitRouterConfig.EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, "nonono", "ae message:" + LocalDateTime.now());    }}

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发送器

package com.example.mq; import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; @Componentpublic class Sender {    @Autowired    private AmqpTemplate rabbitTemplate;     public void send(String routingKey, String message) {        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(routingKey, message);    }     public void send(String exchange, String routingKey, String message) {        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, message);    }}

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接收器

package com.example.mq; import com.example.config.RabbitRouterConfig;import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Componentpublic class Receiver {    @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_HI)    public void hi(String payload) {        System.out.println ("Receiver(hi) : "  + payload);    }     // @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_HELLO)    // public void hello(String hello) throws InterruptedException {    //     System.out.println ("Receiver(hello) : "  + hello);    //     Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);    //     System.out.println("(hello):sleep over");    // }    //    // @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_UNROUTE)    // public void unroute(String hello) throws InterruptedException {    //     System.out.println ("Receiver(unroute) : "  + hello);    //     Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);    //     System.out.println("(unroute):sleep over");    // }     @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitRouterConfig.QUEUE_DELAY)    public void delay(String hello) throws InterruptedException {        System.out.println ("Receiver(delay) : "  + hello);        Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);        System.out.println("(delay):sleep over");    }}

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application.yml

server:#  port: 9100  port: 9101spring:  application:#    name: demo-rabbitmq-sender    name: demo-rabbitmq-receiver  rabbitmq:    host: localhost    port: 5672    username: admin    password: 123456#    virtualHost: /    publisher-confirms: true    publisher-returns: true#    listener:#      simple:#        acknowledge-mode: manual#      direct:#        acknowledge-mode: manual

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实例测试

分别启动发送者和接收者。

访问：http://localhost:9100/hello2

五秒钟后输出：

Receiver(delay) : hello2 message:2020-11-27T09:30:51.548(delay):sleep over

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