Import os; — Python自带
print(os.getcwd()) — 获得当前工作目录
os.chdir(‘/Users/longlong/Documents’) — 转换到/Users/longlong/Documents目录
os.path.join(parm1, parm2,…) — 从一个或多个路径片段中构造一个路径名。
os.path.expanduser() — 用来将包含～符号的路径扩展为完整的路径
复制代码 代码如下:
>>> pathname = ‘/Users/pilgrim/diveintopython3/examples/humansize.py’
>>> os.path.split(pathname) –(‘/Users/pilgrim/diveintopython3/examples’, ‘humansize.py’）罗列目录内容构造绝对路径
复制代码 代码如下:
>>> import os
>>> print(os.getcwd())
/Users/longlong/Documents
>>> os.chdir(“./python/”)
>>> os.getcwd()
‘/Users/longlong/Documents/python’
>>> print(os.path.realpath(‘whileloop.py’)
)
/Users/longlong/Documents/python/whileloop.py
>>> print(os.path.realpath(“whileloop.py”))
/Users/longlong/Documents/python/whileloop.py
>>>
列表解析
复制代码 代码如下:
>>> [os.path.realpath(f) for f in glob.glob(“*.py”)]
[‘/Users/longlong/Documents/python/indices_over_two_objects.py’, ‘/Users/longlong/Documents/python/loops_over_indices.py’, ‘/Users/longlong/Documents/python/while_loops.py’]
>>> [f for f in glob.glob(“*.py”) if os.stat(f).st_size > 700]
[‘indices_over_two_objects.py’, ‘while_loops.py’]
1
字典解析
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>>> metadat_dict = { f:os.stat(f) for f in glob.glob('*.py')} >>> type(metadat_dict) >>> list(metadat_dict.keys())['indices_over_two_objects.py', 'while_loops.py', 'loops_over_indices.py'] >>> metadat_dict['indices_over_two_objects.py'].st_size871
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>>> list(metadat_dict.keys())['indices_over_two_objects.py', 'while_loops.py', 'loops_over_indices.py'] >>> a_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2,'c':3}>>> {value:key for key,value in a_dict.items()}{1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}
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集合解析
>>> a_set = set(range(10))>>> a_set{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9} >>> {x**2 for x in a_set}{0, 1, 64, 4, 36, 9, 16, 49, 81, 25} >>> {x for x in a_set if x%2 == 0 }{0, 8, 2, 4, 6} >>> {2**x for x in range(10)}{32, 1, 2, 64, 4, 128, 256, 512, 8, 16}
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